Paul B. Farley1

M, #108601, b. 11 March 1923, d. 4 June 1989

Family: Iva Mae Houghton b. 16 Jun 1918, d. 8 Feb 2008

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
BirthMar 11, 1923
Marriage
DeathJun 4, 19891
BurialWalnut Grove Cemetery, Widen, Clay Co., WV, USA
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S1485] Findagrave.com, online http://www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi

(?) Brown

M, #108602

Family: Mozelle Houghton b. c 1921

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
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(?) Mick

M, #108603

Family: Ada Maude Houghton b. 5 Dec 1884

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
MarriageJul 13, 1902
Pedigree

Earnest Albert Hooton

M, #108604, b. 20 November 1887, d. 3 May 1954

Family: Mary Beidler Camp b. 11 Aug 1889

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
BirthNov 20, 1887Clemansville, WI, USA
MarriageJun 3, 1915
Children+4 children including:
Jay Camp Hooton
1918 – 1969

Newton William Hooten
1920 – 1982
Author1931Up from the Ape (1931), widely used as a textbook, was followed by Apes, Men, and Morons (1937), Why Men Behave Like Apes, and Vice-Versa (1940), and Man’s Poor Relations (1942).
Mil. Draft1942Cambridge, Middlesex Co., MA, USA
DeathMay 3, 1954Cambridge, Middlesex Co., MA, USA
BurialMount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Middlesex Co., MA, USA
Notable(1887-1954) First American professor of physical anthropologist at Harvard
BiographyFirst American professor of physical anthropologist, Harvard University
Influential teacher of a generation of physical anthropologists
1946: described differences between “classic Neanderthals” from Western Europe and those with more modern appearance from central Europe or the Near East.
Known for his work on racial classification; Mildly racist; but maintained no correlation between race & IQ

Wikepedia:
Earnest Albert Hooton (November 20, 1887 – May 3, 1954) was a U.S. physical anthropologist known for his work on racial classification and his popular writings such as the book Up From The Ape. Hooton sat on the Committee on the Negro, a group that "focused on the anatomy of blacks and reflected the racism of the time."[1]

Biography

Hooton was born in Clemansville, Wisconsin. He was educated at Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. After earning his BA there in 1907, he won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University, which he deferred in order to continue his studies in the United States. He pursued graduate studies in Classics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he received an MA in 1908 and a Ph.D. in 1911 on "The Pre-Hellenistic Stage of the Evolution of the Literary Art at Rome" and then continued on to England. He found the classical scholarship at Oxford uninteresting, but quickly became interested in anthropology, which he studied with R.R. Marett, receiving a diploma in 1912. At the conclusion of his time in England, he was hired by Harvard University, where he taught until his death in 1954. During this time he was also Curator of Somatology at the nearby Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.

Hooton was known for combining a rigorous attention to scholarly detail combined with a candid and witty personal style. Henry Shapiro remembers that his lectures "were compounded of a strange, unpredictable mixture of strict attention to his duty to present the necessary facts... and of a delightful impatience with the restrictions of this role to which he seemed to react by launching into informal, speculative, and thoroughly entertaining and absorbing discussions of the subject at hand." As a result Hooton established Harvard as a center for physical anthropology in the United States and at the time of his death most physical anthropologists in the United States were former students or instructed by one.[2]

Many of Hooton's research projects were indebted to his training in physical anthropology at a time when this field consisted most of anatomy and focused on physiological variation between individuals. One project that came to be known as 'Harvard Fanny Study', for instance, involved measuring buttock spread and buttock-knee lengths in order to design more comfortable chairs for the Pennsylvania railroad.[3] A similar study of applied physical anthropology examined the restrictive shape of ball-turrets in military aircraft.[4]

Hooton was an advanced primatologist for his time. If the great Latin playwright Terence said "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto" ("I am a man; nothing about men is alien to me"), Hooton, following and correcting him, used to say: "Primas sum: primatum nihil a me alienum puto" ("I am a primate; nothing about primates is alien to me").[5]

Hooton was also a public figure well known for popular volumes with titles like Up From the Ape, Young Man, You are Normal, and Apes, Men, and Morons. He was also a gifted cartoonist and wit, and like his contemporaries Ogden Nash and James Thurber he published occasional poems and drawings that were eventually collected and published.

Hooton died in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Race

He used comparative anatomy to divide humanity up into races — in Hooton's case, this involved describing the morphological characteristics of different "primary races" and the various "subtypes". In 1926, the American Association of Physical Anthropology and the National Research Council organized a Committee on the Negro, which focused on the anatomy of blacks. Among those appointed to the Committee on the Negro were Aleš Hrdli?ka, Earnest Hooton and eugenist Charles Davenport. In 1927, the committee endorsed a comparison of African babies with young apes. Ten years later, the group published findings in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology to "prove that the negro race is phylogenetically a closer approach to primitive man than the white race." Hooton played a key part in establishing the racial stereotypes about black athleticism and black criminality of his day in terms of an anthropological framework.[1] Hooton was one of the first to attempt to develop mathematically rigorous criteria for race typology.[6]

At the same time Hooton maintained that no scientific basis existed correlating mentality with racial variation. "...Each racial type runs the gamut from idiots and criminals to geniuses and statesmen. No type produces a majority of individuals from either end of the scale. While there may be specific racial abilities and disabilities, these have not yet been demonstrated. There are no racial monopolies either of human virtues or of vices."[7] While advocating eugenic sterilizations of those deemed "insane, diseased and criminalistic", he emphasized there was no justification to correlate such "degeneracy", as he termed it, with race. Anthropologist Pat Shipman presents Hooton's work as representing a transition in anthropology away from its 19th-century stereotypes about race and its fixation over cranial measurements. In that context, she writes, Hooton maintained an "oversimplistic mode of thinking about human types and variability" while at the same time he moved to eliminate unfounded racial biases and pseudoscience. His remarks in a 1936 conference dealing with immigration, for example, included a ten point summary of the current scientific consensus about race which, in retrospect, parallel the points raised ten years later in UNESCO's landmark The Race Question.[6]
Criticism

E.B. Reuter, a sociologist and contemporary of Hooton, criticized Hooton for using circular logic when he ascribed the physical traits of criminals to cause criminality.[8]
References

American Anthropological Association. "Eugenics and Physical Anthropology." 2007. August 7, 2007.[1]
Shapiro, Harry L. (18 June 1954). "Earnest A. Hooton: 1887—1954". Science 119 (3103): 861–2. doi:10.1126/science.119.3103.861.
Krogman, Wilton M. (October 1976). "Fifty Years of Physical Anthropology: The Men, the Material, the Concepts, the Methods". Annual Review of Anthropology 5 (1–15): 10. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.05.100176.000245.
Reuter, Claus (2000). Development of Aircraft Turrets in the AAF: 1917–1944. Sr Research & Pub. pp. 132–4. ISBN 9781894643085.
Hooton, Earnest Albert: "The Importance of Primate Studies in Anthropology" in GAVAN, James A. (ed.): The Non-Human Primates and Human Evolution. In Memory of Earnest Albert Hooton (1887-1954),Wayne University Press, 1955, pp.1-10
Shipman, Pat (2002). The Evolution of Racism: Human Differences and the Use and Abuse of Science. Harvard University Press. pp. 176–7. ISBN 9780674008625.
Hooton, Earnest A (29 May 1936). "Plain Statements About Race". Science 83 (2161): 513. doi:10.1126/science.83.2161.511.

Wright, Richard A. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. "Encyclopedia of Criminality." 2004. August 4, 2007. [2]

Works by Hooton

Hooton, Earnest Albert, 1887-1954. Papers of Earnest A. Hooton, 1926-1954 (inclusive) : A Finding Aid (995-1 ) Harvard University Library: Peabody Museum Archives 1995 and 2007. Call No: 995-1. 28 document boxes.
Africana. I-5 co-editor (1917) 'recording the habits of foul or barbarous savages' pub. Peabody Museum. From Internet Archive.

Works about Hooton

Birdsell, Joseph 1987. Some reflections on fifty years in biological anthropology in Annual Reviews of Anthropology 16(1):1-12.
Krogman, Wilton 1976. Fifty years of physical anthropology: the men, the materials, the concepts, and the methods in Annual Reviews of Anthropology 5:1-14.
Shapiro, H. 1954. Earnest Albert Hooton, 1887-1954 (obituary) in American Anthropologist 56(6): 1081-1084
Garn, Stanley and Giles, Eugene. 1995. Earnest Albert Hooton, November 20, 1887 - May 3, 1954. Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America v. 68 167-180.
Melear, K.B. The Criminological Theory of Earnest A. Hooton. 'Summer 1998'. Florida State University: Criminology

External links

American Association of Physical Anthropologists: The Earnest Albert Hooton Prize. The page includes a selected list of Hooton's publications.
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
Pedigree

Mary Beidler Camp

F, #108605, b. 11 August 1889

Family: Earnest Albert Hooton b. 20 Nov 1887, d. 3 May 1954

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
BirthAug 11, 1889Chicago, Cook Co., IL, USA
MarriageJun 3, 1915
ParentsDArthur Bates Camp 1860 – 1906 & Emma G Beidler 1857 – 1900
Pedigree

William Hooton

M, #108606, b. August 1852

Family: Margaret Elizabeth Newton b. May 1856

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
BirthAug, 1852Rampton, Nottinghamshire, England
Marriage1882
Pedigree

Margaret Elizabeth Newton

F, #108607, b. May 1856

Family: William Hooton b. Aug 1852

  • Marriage*: Margaret Elizabeth Newton married William Hooton on 1882.

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
BirthMay, 1856Canada
Marriage1882
Pedigree

(?) Whitt

M, #108608

Family: Mary Dell Houghton b. 26 Aug 1949

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Marriage
Pedigree

Jennifer Whitt

F, #108609

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birth
Pedigree

(?) Stillwell

M, #108610

Family: Helen Arlene Houghton b. 8 Nov 1952

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Marriage
Pedigree

Kerry (?)

F, #108611

Family: Robert P. Houghton b. c 1956

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Marriage
Pedigree

Kenneth D. Houghton1

M, #108612, b. circa 1955

Family: Deborah (?)

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Birthcirca 1955Stoneham, MA, USA1
Marriage
ResearchMichelle Stephan
Kristina Houghton
Krissy Houghton
Julie Houghton
Living2015Wakefield, MA, USA
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S93] Newspaper Obituary, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx

Deborah (?)

F, #108613

Family: Kenneth D. Houghton b. c 1955

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Marriage
Pedigree

Judith Houghton1

F, #108614, b. circa 1958

Family: Edward Catino

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birthcirca 1958Stoneham, MA, USA1
Marriage
Living2015Medford, MA, USA
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S93] Newspaper Obituary, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx

Edward Catino

M, #108615

Family: Judith Houghton b. c 1958

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Marriage
Pedigree

Norman Houghton III

M, #108616, b. circa 1960

Family: Rita Pieslak

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Birthcirca 1960Stoneham, MA, USA
Marriage
Living2015Ft. Myers, FL, USA
Pedigree

Rita Pieslak

F, #108617

Family: Norman Houghton III b. c 1960

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Marriage
Pedigree

John Houghton1

M, #108618, b. circa 1964

Family: Patricia (?)

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Birthcirca 1964Stoneham, MA, USA1
Marriage1
Living2015Salem, NH, USA
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S93] Newspaper Obituary, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx

Patricia (?)1

F, #108619

Family: John Houghton b. c 1964

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Marriage1
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S93] Newspaper Obituary, http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/bostonglobe/obituary.aspx

Mabel Louise Wilson1

F, #108620, b. 15 March 1913, d. 13 November 1988

Family: Wilbert Shelton Houghton b. 12 Mar 1911, d. 6 Apr 1966

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
BirthMar 15, 1913Delphi, Nicolas Co., WV, USA, age 27 in 1940 census1
Residence1935rural, Nicolas Co., WV, USA
Marriage1935Nicholas, WV, USA1
1940 Census1940Buffalo, Clay Co., WV, USA, age 29, coal mine, coal loader2
1950 US Census1950Akron, OH, USA, age 37, rubber tire co. general laborer, tube dept.
Marriage2nd to Edgar H. "Slim" James.
DeathNov 13, 1988Akron, Summit Co., OH, USA1
BurialHillside Memorial Park, Akron, Summit Co., OH, USA
ParentsDOmer Wilson and Esma Otilla (Fitzwater) Wilson
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S1485] Findagrave.com, online http://www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi
  2. [S1479] 1940 U.S. Federal Census , Buffalo, Clay, West Virginia; Roll: T627_4400; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 8-1A.

Joyce Farley

F, #108621

Family: (?) Sattler

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
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(?) Sattler

M, #108622

Family: Joyce Farley

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
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Garnet P. Farley

F, #108623

Family: (?) Brown

  • Marriage*: Garnet P. Farley married (?) Brown.

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birth
Marriage
Pedigree

(?) Brown

M, #108624

Family: Garnet P. Farley

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
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Vickie P. Farley

F, #108625

Family: (?) Blair

  • Marriage*: Vickie P. Farley married (?) Blair.

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
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(?) Blair

M, #108626

Family: Vickie P. Farley

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Marriage
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Larry Sigman Farley

M, #108627

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birth
Pedigree

Alfred Houghton1

M, #108628, b. 1840, d. 1903

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birth18401
Death19031
BurialWalnut Grove Church Cemetery, Widen, Clay Co., WV, USA
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S1485] Findagrave.com, online http://www.findagrave.com, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi

Larry Lee Houghton1

M, #108629, b. circa 1940

Biography

Corresponded with authorN
A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Birthcirca 1940WV, USA, age 3/12 in 1930 census1
Grandchild
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S1479] 1940 U.S. Federal Census , Hamilton, Nicholas, West Virginia; Roll: T627_4435; Page: 7B; Enumeration District: 34-8.

Pat Houghton1

M, #108630, b. circa 1933

Biography

A Contributor to Houghton Surname ProjectN
Corresponded with authorN
Birthcirca 1933WV, USA, age 7 in 1940 census1
Pedigree

Citations

  1. [S1479] 1940 U.S. Federal Census , Jefferson, Kanawha, West Virginia; Roll: T627_4415; Page: 1B; Enumeration District: 20-96B.